Last Updated On 5 June 2025, 7:01 PM EDT (Toronto Time)
A recent report from the Institut du Québec (IQ) on June 4 proposes a transformative approach: temporarily increasing permanent residency to as many as 90,000 newcomers annually to reduce reliance on temporary residency.
This shift aims to address labour market needs, ease pressure on public services, and streamline integration into Quebec’s vibrant society.
Today, the Quebec government officially proposed three potential annual permanent residence admissions target scenarios, but they are not hoping for more than 45,000 PRs annually.
With approximately 600,000 temporary residents currently in the province, this bold plan could reshape Quebec’s demographic and economic landscape.
In this comprehensive guide, we explore the IQ’s recommendations, their implications, and why this strategy could set a precedent for sustainable immigration in Canada.
Table of Contents
Quebec’s immigration system has long balanced economic demands with cultural and social integration.
However, recent years have seen a surge in temporary residents, driven by labour shortages and international student programs.
This influx has strained housing, healthcare, and other public services, prompting Premier François Legault to call for a reassessment of the province’s immigration capacity.
The IQ’s report, released on June 4, 2025, highlights the challenges of over-reliance on temporary residency.
Temporary residents, while vital for filling immediate labour gaps, often face uncertainty about their future in Quebec.
This can lead to underutilization of their skills and weaker long-term contributions to the province’s economy.
By contrast, permanent residents are more likely to invest in their communities, learn French, and integrate fully into Quebec’s unique cultural fabric.
The IQ’s flagship recommendation is to temporarily raise Quebec’s permanent immigration threshold to 90,000 newcomers per year.
This increase would prioritize skilled temporary residents already in the province and international students who have graduated from Quebec institutions.
The plan includes a clear trajectory to scale back to 60,000 permanent immigrants annually once integration goals are met.
This strategy aims to:
Reduce processing delays for permanent residency applications.
Facilitate smoother transitions for highly skilled temporary residents.
Strengthen Quebec’s economy by encouraging long-term commitment from newcomers.
By focusing on permanent immigration, Quebec could reduce its reliance on temporary workers, who often face precarious employment and limited access to services.
The IQ emphasizes that permanent residents contribute more significantly to the province’s social and economic fabric, as they are more likely to settle long-term, start families, and engage in community life.
While advocating for a higher permanent immigration threshold, the IQ acknowledges the critical role of temporary residents.
These individuals fill immediate labour market gaps in sectors like healthcare, technology, and agriculture.
International students, in particular, serve as a pipeline for skilled permanent residents, bringing familiarity with Quebec’s culture and education system.
However, the report warns that setting permanent immigration thresholds too low—such as 35,000 or 60,000 annually—could force Quebec to rely more heavily on temporary residents.
This would exacerbate existing pressures on housing and public services, as temporary residents often require support without the long-term benefits of permanent settlement.
As of June 2025, Quebec is home to approximately 600,000 temporary residents, including international students, temporary workers, and asylum seekers.
This figure has grown significantly in recent years, driven by federal policies and Quebec’s economic needs.
Meanwhile, permanent immigration levels have remained relatively stable, hovering around 60,000 per year.
The IQ’s proposed 90,000 permanent immigrant target represents a significant but temporary increase.
By prioritizing skilled workers and graduates already in Quebec, the plan aims to integrate those who are already contributing to the province’s economy.
This approach could reduce the temporary resident population while meeting labour market demands more sustainably.
Quebec’s immigration strategy has often served as a model for other provinces.
By prioritizing permanent residency and integration, Quebec could set a precedent for addressing temporary resident challenges nationwide.
Other provinces, such as Ontario and British Columbia, also face housing and service pressures from high temporary resident populations.
Quebec’s approach could inspire similar reforms, creating a more balanced and sustainable immigration framework across Canada.
The Institut du Québec’s proposal offers a bold vision for the province’s immigration future.
By temporarily increasing permanent immigration to 90,000 newcomers per year, Quebec can reduce its reliance on temporary residents, strengthen its economy, and foster a more integrated society.
The plan’s emphasis on skilled workers and international students ensures that Quebec retains talent while addressing immediate labour market needs.
As Quebec navigates this pivotal moment, the success of the IQ’s strategy will depend on effective execution and public buy-in.
With careful planning and collaboration, Quebec can set a new standard for immigration policy in Canada, balancing economic growth with social cohesion.
Quebec stands at a turning point in its immigration journey.
The Institut du Québec’s recommendation to boost permanent immigration offers a path toward a more sustainable and prosperous future.
By embracing this strategy, Quebec can address its labour shortages, reduce pressure on public services, and build a stronger, more inclusive society.
As the province moves forward, the world will be watching to see how Quebec’s bold vision reshapes its demographic and economic landscape.
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